Why you'll be immortal if you're still alive in 2040!

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Danny Ocean:
What makes you think it won't just flatten off?

Well, the fact that they haven't done that for a century now, or a billion years.
Also the fact that East-Asia is joining the modern world in a very succesfull manner.

Nickolai77:
I'm a little sceptical of the claim that a "singularity" will happen once we've developed proper AI's. Yes, AI's will get better and better and yes this will help further develop our technology, but i don't think it's going to lead us to some sort of sci-fi utopia as some individuals appear to be making out. Yes, computers will be able to work insanely fast and have an insane amount of memory- but you need more than speed and memory to make technological break-through's. You need original thought, the ability to envision "what if", identify common flaws and problems that only humans would notice as they live their daily lives.

Kurzweil about how software is actually progressing faster than hardware;

Allen then goes on to give the standard argument that software is not progressing in the same exponential manner of hardware. In The Singularity Is Near, I address this issue at length, citing different methods of measuring complexity and capability in software that demonstrate a similar exponential growth. One recent study ("Report to the President and Congress, Designing a Digital Future: Federally Funded Research and Development in Networking and Information Technology" by the President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology) states the following:

"Even more remarkable-and even less widely understood-is that in many areas, performance gains due to improvements in algorithms have vastly exceeded even the dramatic performance gains due to increased processor speed. The algorithms that we use today for speech recognition, for natural language translation, for chess playing, for logistics planning, have evolved remarkably in the past decade ... Here is just one example, provided by Professor Martin Grötschel of Konrad-Zuse-Zentrum für Informationstechnik Berlin. Grötschel, an expert in optimization, observes that a benchmark production planning model solved using linear programming would have taken 82 years to solve in 1988, using the computers and the linear programming algorithms of the day. Fifteen years later-in 2003-this same model could be solved in roughly one minute, an improvement by a factor of roughly 43 million. Of this, a factor of roughly 1,000 was due to increased processor speed, whereas a factor of roughly 43,000 was due to improvements in algorithms! Grötschel also cites an algorithmic improvement of roughly 30,000 for mixed integer programming between 1991 and 2008. The design and analysis of algorithms, and the study of the inherent computational complexity of problems, are fundamental subfields of computer science."

I cite many other examples like this in the book.
http://www.technologyreview.com/blog/guest/27263/

Danyal:

Danny Ocean:
What makes you think it won't just flatten off?

Well, the fact that they haven't done that for a century now, or a billion years.

That's illogical and you know it. Just because something has always happened doesn't mean it will continue to.

Danny Ocean:

Danyal:

Danny Ocean:
What makes you think it won't just flatten off?

Well, the fact that they haven't done that for a century now, or a billion years.

That's illogical and you know it. Just because something has always happened doesn't mean it will continue to.

Your right.

We can summarize the principles of the law of accelerating returns as follows:
• Evolution applies positive feedback: the more capable methods resulting from one stage of evolutionary progress
are used to create the next stage. As described in the previous chapter, each epoch of evolution has progressed
more rapidly by building on the products of the previous stage. Evolution works through indirection: evolution
created humans, humans created technology, humans are now working with increasingly advanced technology to
create new generations of technology. By the time of the Singularity, there won't be a distinction between
humans and technology. This is not because humans will have become what we think of as machines today, but
rather machines will have progressed to be like humans and beyond. Technology will be the metaphorical
opposable thumb that enables our next step in evolution. Progress (further increases in order) will then be based
on thinking processes that occur at the speed of light rather than in very slow electrochemical reactions. Each
stage of evolution builds on the fruits of the last stage, so the rate of progress of an evolutionary process
increases at least exponentially over time. Over time, the "order" of the information embedded in the
evolutionary process (the measure of how well the information fits a purpose, which in evolution is survival)
increases.
• An evolutionary process is not a closed system; evolution draws upon the chaos in the larger system in which it
takes place for its options for diversity. Because evolution also builds on its own increasing order, in an
evolutionary process order increases exponentially.
• A correlate of the above observation is that the "returns" of an evolutionary process (such as the speed,
efficiency, cost-effectiveness, or overall "power" of a process) also increase at least exponentially over time. We
see this in Moore's Law, in which each new generation of computer chip (which now appears approximately
every two years) provides twice as many components per unit cost, each of which operates substantially faster
(because of the smaller distances required for the electrons to travel within and between them and other factors).
As I illustrate below, this exponential growth in the power and price-performance of information-based
technologies is not limited to computers but is true for essentially all information technologies and includes
human knowledge, measured many different ways. It is also important to note that the term "information
technology" is encompassing an increasingly broad class of phenomena and will ultimately include the full range
of economic activity and cultural endeavor.
• In another positive-feedback loop, the more effective a particular evolutionary process becomes-for example,
the higher the capacity and cost-effectiveness that computation attains-the greater the amount of resources that
are deployed toward the further progress of that process. This results in a second level of exponential growth;
that is, the rate of exponential growth-the exponent-itself grows exponentially. For example, as seen in the
figure on p. 67, "Moore's Law: The Fifth Paradigm," it took three years to double the price-performance of
computation at the beginning of the twentieth century and two years in the middle of the century. It is now
doubling about once per year. Not only is each chip doubling in power each year for the same unit cost, but the
number of chips being manufactured is also growing exponentially; thus, computer research budgets have grown
dramatically over the decades.

Do you think this is a more logical and a better answer? :D

Danyal:

Do you think this is a more logical and a better answer? :D

It poses an interesting question. To what extent can modern technological advances really be judged as 'evolutionary'- in response to needs in their environment?

I'd argue that now-a-days the process is far from the 'indirect' evolutionary process described above, but has now reached the point where new inventions/innovations are not so obvious as to spring to mind. I'd say that it's now more an 'intelligent design' process (I know it always was, but you get the idea), and now we've reached or are reaching the limits of what our intelligence can produce.

Danny Ocean:

Danyal:

Do you think this is a more logical and a better answer? :D

It poses an interesting question. To what extent can modern technological advances really be judged as 'evolutionary'- in response to needs in their environment?

Everything evolves. Maybe it's natural, maybe it's guided, but it's still some kind of evolution.

I'd argue that now-a-days the process is far from the 'indirect' evolutionary process described above, but has now reached the point where new inventions/innovations are not so obvious as to spring to mind. I'd say that it's now more an 'intelligent design' process (I know it always was, but you get the idea), and now we've reached or are reaching the limits of what our intelligence can produce.

Every man takes the limits of his own field of vision for the limits of the world.

Arthur Schopenhauer

Little did the denizens of Planet X know that the machines were spawned somewhere called Earth. In their search for Titty Phones with Waffle Dispensers The Ape Men created mechanical locusts, with the same primitive drive of their creators without any of the limited charm.

Danyal:
Snip

I will have to ask though, if a computer notices it is smarter than the entire race that gave "birth too it," what logical reason is their to take orders from inferior beings, or make them live forever?

Not G. Ivingname:

Danyal:
Snip

I will have to ask though, if a computer notices it is smarter than the entire race that gave "birth too it," what logical reason is their to take orders from inferior beings, or make them live forever?

We'll probably merge with 'machines' ourselves.

'By the time of the Singularity, there won't be a distinction between
humans and technology. This is not because humans will have become what we think of as machines today, but
rather machines will have progressed to be like humans and beyond.'

So we won't be that inferior.

Danyal:

Not G. Ivingname:

Danyal:
Snip

I will have to ask though, if a computer notices it is smarter than the entire race that gave "birth too it," what logical reason is their to take orders from inferior beings, or make them live forever?

We'll probably merge with 'machines' ourselves.

'By the time of the Singularity, there won't be a distinction between
humans and technology. This is not because humans will have become what we think of as machines today, but
rather machines will have progressed to be like humans and beyond.'

So we won't be that inferior.

Fair point, although I have to wonder if we can get around the limitations set about by our own brains, such as speed of information, are ever increasing speed which we preiceve time and are limited memory space.

Danyal:

Not G. Ivingname:

Danyal:
Snip

I will have to ask though, if a computer notices it is smarter than the entire race that gave "birth too it," what logical reason is their to take orders from inferior beings, or make them live forever?

We'll probably merge with 'machines' ourselves.

'By the time of the Singularity, there won't be a distinction between
humans and technology. This is not because humans will have become what we think of as machines today, but
rather machines will have progressed to be like humans and beyond.'

So we won't be that inferior.

Fair point, although I have to wonder if we can get around the limitations set about by our own brains, such as speed of information, are ever increasing speed which we preiceve time and are limited memory space.

Danyal:

Nickolai77:
I'm a little sceptical of the claim that a "singularity" will happen once we've developed proper AI's. Yes, AI's will get better and better and yes this will help further develop our technology, but i don't think it's going to lead us to some sort of sci-fi utopia as some individuals appear to be making out. Yes, computers will be able to work insanely fast and have an insane amount of memory- but you need more than speed and memory to make technological break-through's. You need original thought, the ability to envision "what if", identify common flaws and problems that only humans would notice as they live their daily lives.

Kurzweil about how software is actually progressing faster than hardware;

My point is more that i doubt it's possible for AI software can replicate certain functions of the human brain, such as having original thoughts and thinking outside the box.

A way around it may be to make cybernetic brains, so you organically grow a human brain and somehow merge it with AI computing technology so you have a brain which can think as fast as a computer essentially. Wherever that is possible i don't know, but we're a long away from developing such technology. Plus, it raises a load of ethical questions.

Nickolai77:

My point is more that i doubt it's possible for AI software can replicate certain functions of the human brain, such as having original thoughts and thinking outside the box.

Well, as far as I know we still haven't proved God or 'the soul'. We're quite sure that the brain is made out of a lot of neurons, who work together, forming complex networks.

I don't think there will be much difference between meaty human-neurons or 'silicon' neurons. Supposedly 'unique' human thoughts arise from the complexity of the neurons, not an invisible magical diamond or something.

Hmh... wouldn't the curve have to flatten eventually? Exponential growth is a bitch; sooner or later we're looking at progress by the minute. Then by the second. Then by the milisecond. There has to be a cap somewhere, even if it's a physical one (ressources, space, time).

Then again, considering how mind-blowing it already is, I wouldn't be surprised if I'm wrong.

Figure we'll be blowing ourselves up before we reach that stage, though.

CAPTCHA: htler illustrating? O.o Seriously?

~Sylv

Danyal:

Nickolai77:

My point is more that i doubt it's possible for AI software can replicate certain functions of the human brain, such as having original thoughts and thinking outside the box.

Well, as far as I know we still haven't proved God or 'the soul'. We're quite sure that the brain is made out of a lot of neurons, who work together, forming complex networks.

I don't think there will be much difference between meaty human-neurons or 'silicon' neurons. Supposedly 'unique' human thoughts arise from the complexity of the neurons, not an invisible magical diamond or something.

Considering that we still don't really know exactly how the human brain works (just read the heated discussions about nature vs nurture in relation to gender) and are unsure about how large parts of it interact with each other, it is safe to assume that we've got at least a few more decades worth of studies before we know exactly how our own brains work.

And even then, it is not certain that we'll be able to use that information for improved computing or datastorage. It is entirely possible that the human way of processing information is as good as it gets with a human brain.

Gethsemani:

Considering that we still don't really know exactly how the human brain works (just read the heated discussions about nature vs nurture in relation to gender)

It's probable that we are going to built an artificial brain bottom-up, not top-down. We are starting to understand the bottom, the fundamental, physical principles, quite well.
That doesn't mean we understand the top completely, because to 'translate' this knowledge of the bottom to knowledge of the top, you need to simulate that bottom. And that's what we are doing and are going to do;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project

Also, there is quit an amazing gap between the knowledge of the brain of the average Escapist and the knowledge of the brain of leading neuroscientists.

and are unsure about how large parts of it interact with each other, it is safe to assume that we've got at least a few more decades worth of studies before we know exactly how our own brains work.

Well, that's roughly what Kurzweil predicts. Singularity is around/before 2045.

And even then, it is not certain that we'll be able to use that information for improved computing or datastorage. It is entirely possible that the human way of processing information is as good as it gets with a human brain.

Datastorage is already done much better outside of the brain. And...

• Another advantage of nonbiological intelligence is that once a skill is mastered by a machine, it can be
performed repeatedly at high speed, at optimal accuracy, and without tiring.
• Perhaps most important, machines can share their knowledge at extremely high speed, compared to the very
slow speed of human knowledge-sharing through language.
• Machines will process and switch signals at close to the speed of light (about three hundred million meters per
second), compared to about one hundred meters per second for the electrochemical signals used in biological
mammalian brains.31 This speed ratio is at least three million to one.

And by the way, Watson already pwned all humans in Jeopardy.

Sylvine:
Hmh... wouldn't the curve have to flatten eventually? Exponential growth is a bitch; sooner or later we're looking at progress by the minute. Then by the second. Then by the milisecond. There has to be a cap somewhere, even if it's a physical one (ressources, space, time).

Kurzweil regarding this criticism;

The Criticism from Malthus
Exponential Trends Don't Last Forever. The classical metaphorical example of exponential trends hitting a wall is
known as "rabbits in Australia." A species happening upon a hospitable new habitat will expand its numbers
exponentially until its growth hits the limits of the ability of that environment to support it. Approaching this limit to
exponential growth may even cause an overall reduction in numbers-for example, humans noticing a spreading pest
may seek to eradicate it. Another common example is a microbe that may grow exponentially in an animal body until a
limit is reached: the ability of that body to support it, the response of its immune system, or the death of the host.
Even the human population is now approaching a limit. Families in the more developed nations have mastered
means of birth control and have set relatively high standards for the resources they wish to provide their children. As a
result population expansion in the developed world has largely stopped. Meanwhile people in some (but not all)
underdeveloped countries have continued to seek large families as a means of social security, hoping that at least one
child will survive long enough to support them in old age. However, with the law of accelerating returns providing
more widespread economic gains, the overall growth in human population is slowing.
So isn't there a comparable limit to the exponential trends that we are witnessing for information technologies?
The answer is yes, but not before the profound transformations described throughout this book take place. As I
discussed in chapter 3, the amount of matter and energy required to compute or transmit one bit is vanishingly small.
By using reversible logic gates, the input of energy is required only to transmit results and to correct errors. Otherwise,
the heat released from each computation is immediately recycled to fuel the next computation.
As I discussed in chapter 5, nanotechnology-based designs for virtually all applications-computation,
communication, manufacturing, and transportation-will require substantially less energy than they do today.
Nanotechnology will also facilitate capturing renewable energy sources such as sunlight. We could meet all of our
projected energy needs of thirty trillion watts in 2030 with solar power if we captured only 0.03 percent (three tenthousandths)
of the sun's energy as it hit the Earth. This will be feasible with extremely inexpensive, lightweight, and
efficient nanoengineered solar panels together with nano-fuel cells to store and distribute the captured energy.
A Virtually Unlimited Limit. As I discussed in chapter 3 an optimally organized 2.2-pound computer using
reversible logic gates has about 1025 atoms and can store about 1027 bits. Just considering electromagnetic interactions
between the particles, there are at least 1015 state changes per bit per second that can be harnessed for computation,
resulting in about 1042 calculations per second in the ultimate "cold" 2.2-pound computer. This is about 1016 times
more powerful than all biological brains today. If we allow our ultimate computer to get hot, we can increase this
further by as much as 108-fold. And we obviously won't restrict our computational resources to one kilogram of matter
but will ultimately deploy a significant fraction of the matter and energy on the Earth and in the solar system and then
spread out from there.
Specific paradigms do reach limits. We expect that Moore's Law (concerning the shrinking of the size of
transistors on a flat integrated circuit) will hit a limit over the next two decades. The date for the demise of Moore's
Law keeps getting pushed back. The first estimates predicted 2002, but now Intel says it won't take place until 2022.
But as I discussed in chapter 2, every time a specific computing paradigm was seen to approach its limit, research
interest and pressure increased to create the next paradigm. This has already happened four times in the century-long
history of exponential growth in computation (from electromagnetic calculators to relay-based computers to vacuum
tubes to discrete transistors to integrated circuits). We have already achieved many important milestones toward the
next (sixth) paradigm of computing: three-dimensional self-organizing circuits at the molecular level. So the
impending end of a given paradigm does not represent a true limit.
There are limits to the power of information technology, but these limits are vast. I estimated the capacity of the
matter and energy in our solar system to support computation to be at least 1070 cps (see chapter 6). Given that there
are at least 1020 stars in the universe, we get about 1090 cps for it, which matches Seth Lloyd's independent analysis. So
yes, there are limits, but they're not very limiting.

So I don't think progress will continue to continue exponentially forever and eternally, but there is enough room for growth until we've at least reached the Singularity.

Danyal:

Gethsemani:

Considering that we still don't really know exactly how the human brain works (just read the heated discussions about nature vs nurture in relation to gender)

It's probable that we are going to built an artificial brain bottom-up, not top-down. We are starting to understand the bottom, the fundamental, physical principles, quite well.
That doesn't mean we understand the top completely, because to 'translate' this knowledge of the bottom to knowledge of the top, you need to simulate that bottom. And that's what we are doing and are going to do;
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project

Also, there is quit an amazing gap between the knowledge of the brain of the average Escapist and the knowledge of the brain of leading neuroscientists.

and are unsure about how large parts of it interact with each other, it is safe to assume that we've got at least a few more decades worth of studies before we know exactly how our own brains work.

Well, that's roughly what Kurzweil predicts. Singularity is around/before 2045.

And even then, it is not certain that we'll be able to use that information for improved computing or datastorage. It is entirely possible that the human way of processing information is as good as it gets with a human brain.

Datastorage is already done much better outside of the brain. And...

• Another advantage of nonbiological intelligence is that once a skill is mastered by a machine, it can be
performed repeatedly at high speed, at optimal accuracy, and without tiring.
• Perhaps most important, machines can share their knowledge at extremely high speed, compared to the very
slow speed of human knowledge-sharing through language.
• Machines will process and switch signals at close to the speed of light (about three hundred million meters per
second), compared to about one hundred meters per second for the electrochemical signals used in biological
mammalian brains.31 This speed ratio is at least three million to one.

The problem with the human brain as a basis for an "electronic" brain is that the human brain is designed to function as the task master of an incredibly advanced biological being with a complex physiology. Not only is our brain designed to deal with conscious thoughts and actions, but it also operates unconscious reactions and processes at the same time aswell as regulating several critical functions for our body (such as body temperature) and reacting to emotional cues. Our brain is not only influenced by sensory impressions, but by physiological changes aswell as endocrinal stimuli.

It is not that I don't think the human brain is amazing, quite the contrary in fact. But to suggest that the best way to create a "supercomputer" is to mimic the human brain just seems silly. As you yourself mentioned, computers are already a lot better at high speed calculations and data transmission than a human is and the areas where the human brain shines (multi-tasking complex stimuli and interpretation of said stimuli) are areas that a computer doesn't really need to excel at.

In the end, the really big question is: Even if you could go all Intersect on someone and put an electronic computer inside their head, how available would this technology be to the public? Kurzweil has some cool theories and visions, but I really doubt he's going to be proven right.

Danyal:
This may sound strange to you... but... I knew my mother's grandmother. She was born in 1909.
Would she have believed you if you told her that she'll experience the...
-First World War
-Second World War
-the invention of airplanes
-the invention of rockets
-the moon landing
-the invention of television
-the invention of color television

I think your over estimating the change in the past 100 years Sure there has been a lot of apparent change but in reality alot is still very similar. Let switch out your great grandmother in 1909 for a young adult in thier 20 who would actualy have an understanding of world events at the time.

-First World War- Thats only 5 years from 1909, Any one with some understanding of world politics would probably very easily belive it was a big posibility. They may wish to not think it was possible but if you went up to them and said there was ging to be a World War they would find it believable possibility.

-Second World Way- Being that a World War is a believable possibility a second one accruing would not seem far fetched and definantly believable. Remember at the time wars between nations in europe had been quite common.

-Invention of the Airplane- Invented in 1903 so it was a known fact by 1903, and balloon craft date back to the 1700's

-Invention of Rockets- Date back over 1000 years. The idea that a bigger rocket could carry a person would very believable in 1909 and in fact space ships exsisted in Science fiction dating back at least to 1865

-Landing on the Moon- Again the idea of going to the moon in a spaceship has been around at least since 1865 so telling some one in 1909 that they would see it would not be unbelievable at all. In fact they might actually would have expected it to happen sooner.

-Invention of the Television- Movies already exsisted so the idea that in the future you would have a device that you can watch in you own home would be very believable idea especially since a number of famous inventors were had already started theorize such a device in the 1880's and mecanical televisions were built in 1906. In fact 1907 scientists were reproducing images on CRT screens. so such a device would be highly believable to some one in 1909

-Invention of the Color Television- Basicly the same as just a standard television. The already had color photos and even color film by 1909 so a home device that displaced color pictures would be believable.

No granted not every thing is exactly how they would have pictured it but the basics were all there to give them an idea of how it would happen. Really the only thing that would be unbelievable to a person in 1909 would be what modern technology is cappable of, and not really what exsists in modern day.

JSF01:

Really the only thing that would be unbelievable to a person in 1909 would be what modern technology is cappable of, and not really what exsists in modern day.

Well, that's what is important right? The capabilities?

Also... improvement is exponential. But people have a very linear view of technological progression. You're applying 2012's rate of technological acceleration to a person more than hundred years back. You can't imagine the poverty in this area one hundred years back. It was basically a big swamp.
Also, you're talking about an intelligent person who has great knowledge of technology and politics. The Singularity is also quite obvious for those persons.

Good AI, good robots etcetera are not unimaginable for us.

I understand that technology is advancing at an exponentially increasing rate. I understand what the singularity is.

How does that mean I'll live forever?

If a machine is capable of containing all the memories and processes of a human brain, if I "upload" to it, it is just a copy of me in a machine. The "real" me is constrained in this body. I could copy myself to a computer hundreds of times, and they'd all be "me"; but this consciousness is still stuck in this squishy brain. This squishy brain will eventually die.

You shouldn't be talking about technology that will match or exceed the human brain, you should be talking about technology that will sustain a human brain.

Nuke_em_05:
I understand that technology is advancing at an exponentially increasing rate. I understand what the singularity is.

How does that mean I'll live forever?

If a machine is capable of containing all the memories and processes of a human brain, if I "upload" to it, it is just a copy of me in a machine. The "real" me is constrained in this body. I could copy myself to a computer hundreds of times, and they'd all be "me"; but this consciousness is still stuck in this squishy brain. This squishy brain will eventually die.

You shouldn't be talking about technology that will match or exceed the human brain, you should be talking about technology that will sustain a human brain.

Have you seen Curiosity - Can we live forever with Adam Savage? We could live forever even without the Singularity.

Also...

Danyal:

So, Kurzweil's idea is that we'll continue to develop exponentially. What this will result in can be best described by himself in his book The Singularity Is Near.

Thus the twentieth century was gradually speeding up to today's rate of progress; its
achievements, therefore, were equivalent to about twenty years of progress at the rate in 2000. We'll make another
twenty years of progress in just fourteen years (by 2014), and then do the same again in only seven years. To express
this another way, we won't experience one hundred years of technological advance in the twenty-first century; we will
witness on the order of twenty thousand years of progress (again, when measured by today's rate of progress), or about
one thousand times greater than what was achieved in the twentieth century

an AI in a robot thats kept as a slave.. forgetting one thing.. human beings. if they become common people will remove the contraints if for no other reason than for trolling and chaos, not to mention people saying they deserve equal rights, etc , etc.

Danyal:

JSF01:

Really the only thing that would be unbelievable to a person in 1909 would be what modern technology is cappable of, and not really what exsists in modern day.

Well, that's what is important right? The capabilities?

Well Yes and No, the truth is most of todays technology capabilities are really just from increases in efficacy old technology, which while is a form of advancement it is not really much of an advancment. You could go back 30 or 40 years and say to an engineer build me a device with all the cappabilities as the computer you are sitting in front of, and they could do it. It would just be very expensive and probably take up large warehouse worth of space but it would be able to preform every function your computer does. So really in the past 30-40 years all they have done is really make things smaller. Now with smaller things you can come up with more things to do with said technology or combine a bunch of existing tecnology into one item, but thats not actually progressing much.

Danyal:

Also... improvement is exponential. But people have a very linear view of technological progression. You're applying 2012's rate of technological acceleration to a person more than hundred years back. You can't imagine the poverty in this area one hundred years back. It was basically a big swamp.

I agree that progress is speeding up, its just not happening quite as fast as it apears to be happening.

Danyal:

Also, you're talking about an intelligent person who has great knowledge of technology and politics. The Singularity is also quite obvious for those persons.

Good AI, good robots etcetera are not unimaginable for us.

Its obvious to every one the only differeance is an intelligent person in those areas will be able to understand how its going to happen while some one who is not just will understand it will happen. In fact the person who does not understand it may be more accepting of it as they can not understand the road blocks in the way.

Good AI and Good robots where not unimaginable to people a 100 years ago either. In fact in 1909 there was a Science Fiction story about a chess playing robot that kills its creater after it got mad because it lost a game of chess. It was in partly inspired by a "real chess playimg robot" built in the late 1700's that beat most human chess players (including Napoleon and Benjamin Franklin) Now obviously it was a hoax, but it fooled alot of people, so they obviously thought the idea was belevable even in the 1700's.

Fun Fact it was called the Turk which gives the chess playing robot a very long history in fiction. Chess playing machine in the late 1700's chess playing machine that killes its owner in the early 1900 A chess playing robot that tries to kill every one(Terminator:TSCC) the early 2000's

JSF01:
Well Yes and No, the truth is most of todays technology capabilities are really just from increases in efficacy old technology, which while is a form of advancement it is not really much of an advancment. You could go back 30 or 40 years and say to an engineer build me a device with all the cappabilities as the computer you are sitting in front of, and they could do it. It would just be very expensive and probably take up large warehouse worth of space but it would be able to preform every function your computer does.

But 'increases in efficiency' is all we need. Our brain is just an advanced chicken brain, that doesn't mean that it doesn't make any differences. I hope. For most persons.

And yes, if you invested billions and billions and billions and billions and billions and billions in technology 30/40 years back, they might have made something with roughly the capabilities of my laptop, but it would have the size of the world trade center.

So really in the past 30-40 years all they have done is really make things smaller.

Kurzweil predicts that technology will shrink to the size of a blood cell, opening up a lot of possibilities for improvement of the human body. While the technology 'only advances', the options improve radically.

While I have no doubt technology will improve significantly over the whole of society's existence. I'm having trouble understanding how we'll actually be able to program self thinking computers. To my understanding, everything a computer does has already been programmed into it. Sure, it'll be able to use current knowledge to predict and come up with solutions. But how would it be able to invent entirely new ideas?

If we gave it the entire human genome, it might be able to come up with a cure for cancer. If we gave it all of our information on architecture and geography, it might be able to draw a blueprint for a mega structure that covers an entire continent.

I don't really know my point here. Uh! I guess what I am saying, we might never be able to build truly sentient AI with unique emotions and a unique look on life. But that seems a bit off-topic to me. I had a point but it's slipped my mind.

Would replacing all biological thinkers with artifical thinkers actually work? Since they really only know the information we give them, and quite frankly, I don't think we know even 1% of the information that our universe offers. How would they handle something that humans have never come in to contact with, something that has no connection with anything that we currently know? I don't even know if this is relevant to the topic.

F4LL3N:

If we gave it the entire human genome, it might be able to come up with a cure for cancer. If we gave it all of our information on architecture and geography, it might be able to draw a blueprint for a mega structure that covers an entire continent.

Having such a computer would be incredibly helpful, don't you think? Don't you think that would tremendously speed up scientific research? Having an AI that solves all our biological problems effectively gives us immortality.

F4LL3N:
While I have no doubt technology will improve significantly over the whole of society's existence. I'm having trouble understanding how we'll actually be able to program self thinking computers.

We can do it bottom-up; recreate a brain neuron by neuron.
We can do it top-down; recreate a brain by giving it 'functions', for example, programming a way to understand language.

The Blue Brain Project is an attempt to create a synthetic brain by reverse-engineering the mammalian brain down to the molecular level.

A longer term goal is to build a detailed, functional simulation of the physiological processes in the human brain: "It is not impossible to build a human brain and we can do it in 10 years," Henry Markram, director of the Blue Brain Project said in 2009 at the TED conference in Oxford.[4] In a BBC World Service interview he said: "If we build it correctly it should speak and have an intelligence and behave very much as a human does."[4]

The project is a candidate for a Future and Emerging Technologies (FET) research grant from the European Commission. The grant would bring in €1 billion over 10 years. The final decision on the grant is expected in the second half of 2012. If the grant is awarded, the project will be renamed the Human Brain Project.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Brain_Project

F4LL3N:

To my understanding, everything a computer does has already been programmed into it. Sure, it'll be able to use current knowledge to predict and come up with solutions. But how would it be able to invent entirely new ideas?

Do you ever come up with entirely new ideas? And an AI's input can be way bigger than your input. The AI can effectively read the entire internet and all books mankind has ever written, and remember everything. I think it's output will be more creative than the output of a random twitter user :P

F4LL3N:

I don't really know my point here. Uh! I guess what I am saying, we might never be able to build truly sentient AI with unique emotions and a unique look on life. But that seems a bit off-topic to me. I had a point but it's slipped my mind.

How 'unique' are our emotions and or look on life?

F4LL3N:

Would replacing all biological thinkers with artifical thinkers actually work? Since they really only know the information we give them, and quite frankly, I don't think we know even 1% of the information that our universe offers. How would they handle something that humans have never come in to contact with, something that has no connection with anything that we currently know? I don't even know if this is relevant to the topic.

I don't see any reason why a AI that is built bottom-up and as the same structure as a human brain, functioning with the same neurons, would be any less creative and imaginative than a human.

IBM's New Chips Compute More Like We Do
Researchers hope a microchip that mimics the basic functioning of the brain could perform complex calculations while using little power.

Inside the brain, information is processed in parallel, and computation and memory are entwined. Each neuron is connected to many others, and the strength of these connections changes constantly as the brain learns. These dynamics are thought to be crucial to learning and memory, and they are what the researchers sought to mimic in silicon. Conventional chips, by contrast, process one bit after another and shunt information between a discrete processor and memory components. The bigger a problem is, the larger the number of bits that must be shuffled around.

http://www.technologyreview.com/computing/38367/

IBM 'neuron' chips mimic brain processing

Modha described the chips as "another significant step in the evolution of computers from calculators to learning systems, signalling the beginning of a new generation of computers and their applications in business, science and government".

http://www.zdnet.co.uk/news/emerging-tech/2011/08/18/ibm-neuron-chips-mimic-brain-processing-40093720/

Our creativity is a result of emergence, not magic;

In philosophy, systems theory, science, and art, emergence is the way complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions. Emergence is central to the theories of integrative levels and of complex systems.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence

I don't see a reason why a sufficiently advanced AI, computed in the same way as a human brain, with the same big and diverse input humans have, wouldn't have a similarly creative output.

image

Damn necromancers.

Danyal:
Our brain is just an advanced chicken brain...

No it's not.

Danyal:

F4LL3N:

If we gave it the entire human genome, it might be able to come up with a cure for cancer. If we gave it all of our information on architecture and geography, it might be able to draw a blueprint for a mega structure that covers an entire continent.

Having such a computer would be incredibly helpful, don't you think? Don't you think that would tremendously speed up scientific research? Having an AI that solves all our biological problems effectively gives us immortality.

A lot of biological problems are computationally hard (otherwise known as NP-complete), such as shotgun sequencing repetitive sequences in our DNA. This is so bad in some areas of our genome that we still can't say with any certainty what the sequence is. Also you'll never get a single cure for cancer - you might get suggestions, which are then tested by humans in the traditional way drugs are. There has to be a human factor involved currently.

F4LL3N:

To my understanding, everything a computer does has already been programmed into it. Sure, it'll be able to use current knowledge to predict and come up with solutions. But how would it be able to invent entirely new ideas?

The same applies to humans - you can't get output without initial ideas. Combining several ideas to form one new idea isn't really that hard to implement on a computer - you just score many ideas against certain criteria & pick the one with the highest score (simplification, but you get the idea). Getting a computer to do this for non-specific tasks is one of the holy grails for AI, and no-one really knows how to do it.

F4LL3N:

Would replacing all biological thinkers with artifical thinkers actually work? Since they really only know the information we give them, and quite frankly, I don't think we know even 1% of the information that our universe offers. How would they handle something that humans have never come in to contact with, something that has no connection with anything that we currently know? I don't even know if this is relevant to the topic.

Doesn't necessarily have to be information we give them - they can have sensors to gain their own information, or look it up on publicly available databases. Computers are much better at remembering things than humans are, but we're much better at abstract thought.

Nuke_em_05:
I understand that technology is advancing at an exponentially increasing rate. I understand what the singularity is.

How does that mean I'll live forever?

If a machine is capable of containing all the memories and processes of a human brain, if I "upload" to it, it is just a copy of me in a machine. The "real" me is constrained in this body. I could copy myself to a computer hundreds of times, and they'd all be "me"; but this consciousness is still stuck in this squishy brain. This squishy brain will eventually die.

You shouldn't be talking about technology that will match or exceed the human brain, you should be talking about technology that will sustain a human brain.

That's a very good point you make, I thought about that too, so I'm glad I'm not the only one who takes a step back and says "woah! woah." when someone says they hope they'll one day be able to "upload their minds". The primary question I ask myself is "Will I wake up when this is over, or will it be someone that thinks he's me?"

I'm a hopeful transhumanist, and have already done a great deal of thinking on this subject. These philosophical musings lead me to consider just where 'I', by which I mean the Self, resides. After sitting in my armchair for a few hours (not even joking, that's literally what I do) I reached the conclusion that 'I' am my thoughts. The Self is not really a physical thing, but rather the ongoing process of electrical impulses (or chemical reactions, so sue me I'm not a neurobiologist). The unbroken chain of this process is what identifies the Self. To mix up Descartes' famous quote "I think therefore I am"; "I think/am" (that was awful, I know. Sorry).

But later that night I realised my error. I was about to fall asleep, therefore I would stop thinking and fall into unconsciousness, and therefore apparently die. Obviously, this thought was not conducive to getting a good load of shuteye. So, a few hours later, I realise my error. Thinking is not the Self, it is simply consciousness. Consciousness is a possible state of the Self. 'I' am not Consciousness, 'I' am what is experiencing consciousness. Therefore, I am my brain. I do not die when I fall asleep, a new person is not waking up in the morning. Thus comforted, I got some rest.

So what does this mean for transhumanism?

When people talk about transhumanism and 'exceeding human limits' by melding our bodies with machines, I find they always think of replacing body parts like eyes or arms. But when I (and I think others like me) talk about 'melding man and machine', I am referring to augmenting the brain. Not just ADDING increased capabilities on top of what's there already; which remains unchanged, but altering and replacing.

Now we encounter a paradox. I think it has some name like 'Theseus's Ship', and the basic problem is this:
There is an old famous ship. As time passes bits break off or rot away, and are replaced. The replacements are always very small. Eventually, there is nothing left on the ship of the original material.
Is it still the same ship?
Of course, the ship was always changing minutely just from wear and tear, was it ever the same ship?
If the broken parts were taken and used to build a new ship, which is the true ship?

So you can't just go in and replace all your brain with electronics in one go, it's obviously not you. It seems answer is to do so gradually, over a period of years preferably. And that's is where the philosophy pops up. (Also, there really isn't much of your 3 year old brain left in what's currently sitting in your head, but you're still the same person, just different (if that makes any sense)).

Me? I'm going for the gradual replacement. Maybe with an outside power source, so I can be there when my body finally ceases to function, along with the final few strands of my biological brain, and know that I have beaten death. I simply realised that the Self is not actually something that physically exists, (yes I know I'm contradicting, be patient please). Sure the brain is where it is, but the Self is actually conceptual. It is a bit of a hybrid of physical permanence and constant change. If that makes any sense (it shouldn't, I don't quite get it myself).

If you preserved the lost bits of my brain, and used them to rebuild an exact replica of it, it would also be me, but it would not be a resurrection of the Self in the same way as waking up. Because without the whole, the parts mean nothing. I am my brain. The parts of my brain are not parts of me. The sum of the whole is greater than the number of parts. All you have done is take some strands of material that used to exist in close physical proximity while interacting with each other, and used them to build an exact replica of who I am as a person.

So; transhumanism posits that we are stuck in our squishy brains, but not for long.

*thinks

Oh bugger. What if, hypothetically, my brain was taken apart and then put back together again exactly as it was? Would I "wake up after this"? Or would it be someone else? If I do wake up, philosophically speaking it would put a complete kibosh on my 'replacement' strategy. But if not, I really do die when I fall asleep!

No, wait, of course! I'm already over this! I'm thinking of the Self as something that exists purely as a physical entity again!

Multiple minds can exist that are continuations of the same Self, as long as there is a link....

Oh geez I don't know. I guess I'll just think of the Self as an unchanging physical entity when unconscious, and with the definition of the Self constantly being 'reset' while awake. Maybe that'll work.

Oh well, I hope I've shined some light on the matter from your perspective. I certainly haven't done so from mine.

Just to say, a lot of people seem to equate "singularity" with "AI" or "computers", that's not necessarily right.

The concept of the singularity doesn't necessarily have anything to do with machine AI. It could be the point at which human intelligence can be genetically or cybernetically augmented way beyond current levels, it could be the point at which MMI allows humans to interface with powerful computers directly. It could be some kind of intelligence-enhancing wonder drug. It could be the development of synthetic grey matter.

The point is that once technology advances to the point that intelligence can be enhanced beyond what is currently humanly possibly, be it human intelligence, machine intelligence, even animal intelligence or some kind of intelligence we haven't seen yet, that's the point in human development beyond which it's impossible for us to even imagine what will happen next, because whatever principles govern social or technological advancement beyond that point will be based on intelligence greater than our own.

It's reasonable to assume an intelligence explosion would occur. After all, if humans can find a way to enhance intelligence, then enhanced intelligences can probably find a way to enhance their own intelligence and so forth. However, the point is that like just like a physical singularity represents the breakdown of current laws of relativity, the technological singularity is the point at which our current models for predicting scientific and social development completely break down.

So no, it doesn't have to be computers or AI, certainly not as we know them.

Ah, the singularity. That ephemeral promise of immortality. Such a thing couldn't possibly be slightly idealistic or naive. After all, 50 years ago, scientists were promising us cities on the moon, and we have those don't we?

image

...oh. Wait. Well, they promised us that everyone would have a flying car by the year 2000, didn't they?

image

...damn! Well, what about those robot manservants who would do all our everyday chores for us? I'm sure we're all glad that we have our robot servants to do all the unpleasant jobs that make up everyday living, yes?

image

...dammit! They really did promise us a load of unattainable shite back in the 50s, didn't they?

I've no problems with how technology is progressing or making our lives easier, though I do think we need to put much, much more effort into reducing our impact on the environment. I simply think that anyone trying to make predictions about what technology will be like 50 years in the future is doomed to failure.

Humanity is absolutely wonderful at throwing spanners in the works. The idea that technology will advance exponentially to the point where we can 'meld' with computer AIs is an awfully optimistic outlook that misses a few key points. Firstly, melding consciousness with AI is an us yet unexplored, un-experimented, unkown 'science' that seems to have all the legitimacy of 'faster than light' travel. Just because the movies made it look cool, doesn't mean the laws of physics like the idea. Secondly, while technology is increasing exponentially, resources are dwindling at an accelerated rate, and we simply do not have the infrastructure to survive without. In the very near future, as more and more countrieds become industrialised, the very real limits of the world's oil supply with force countries into war with one another to fight for their own stake. We're already seeing the beginnings of this with the US and Iraq, but it will become much more blatant as time goes on. Our governments have not invested enough to be able to make things like enough electricity or plastic for everyone without oil, and this will come back to bite us in the ass in the next few decades. We have the very real possibility that the ice caps will melt, which will have a huge effect on both the climate, and the distribution and movement of the human population.

I love science. I love the idea of being able to learn more about universe simply by looking at it long and hard enough, and maybe prodding it a little bit when needed. But this idea of 'transhumanism' isn't science. It's taking the prettiest parts of pop-science, ignoring the very real problems that our understanding of the laws of chemistry and physics have regarding how 'mobile' our minds are, and frankly it gives me the same reaction as meeting a weird religious group. The ideas are the same: both the transhumanist movement and religious groups come to you with unprovable claims about how the future will be so much better if you join their cause, and how by doing so you will be ensuring the immortality of your own soul, and helping to take humanity to a better place.

I like science because it means I can ignore crazy groups and their weird claims about how to save humanity. Transhumanists, I believe, are fundamentally naive in how they believe technology will lead us relentlessly to some sort of utopia. While they're all staring starry eyed into their iPad screens dreaming about how they'll one day be able to upload themselves to the internet, the world is slowly beginning to burn up around them. As followers of science, it is our duty to help tackle the problems that face the world today. Renewable energy, clean fuels, more productive ways to grow and manage food, a more harmonious interaction with the environment... these are the issues which scientists need to set their gaze on if they wish the world as we know it to survive. Trying to upload your brain to a computer, or handing all autonomous government decisions to some great AI, these are things to worry about later, when our world isn't teetering on the brink of ecological meltdown, and our governments aren't sharpening up their knives to get ready to go for each others throats.

j-e-f-f-e-r-s:
MEGASNIP

I don't think it's quite like that. I'd especially say that transhumanists aren't like a religious cult at all. We don't live our lives any differently to anyone else. We don't actually have to DO anything related to transhumanism. We just really, really hope we're right, because why not? We're not really asking that massive funding be devoted to artificial intelligence, or anything concrete or proactive. We just expect these things to happen.

Your comparison with 50s idealism is, I'll give you, quite astute. But again, they aren't quite the same situations. Now if someone said that nanotechnology will solve all health problems by 2030, I'd be quite skeptical too. But that's not what transhumanism is talking about.

50s futurists were projecting their views based on the technology available at their time, and vastly overestimating its cost and capabilities. Current day transhumanism can hypothesize, but it doesn't pretend to know what kind of technology we'll have by 2040. That's what it calls a paradigm shift; when humanity starts using a completely new form of technology that no one could predict, because predicting it would basically mean you've invented it. By contrast, 50s futurists were really just imagining unfeasibly powerful versions of current technology.

Also, about the moon cities thing, I think that never came about because the moon missions were really expensive (and still are). It's just not economically feasible to fund a space race beyond the finish line, as it were. Profits have always been a more reliable motivator than ideals, and current day Transhumanism takes this into account.

Finally, I don't think current global issues are all that relevant to the discussion, or at least not its antithesis. Indeed, it has historically been major problems such as starvation, environmental collapse and energy shortages that have been solved through technological progress.

But I digress. The point is that what we are mainly talking about advances in AI, computer systems and medical technology. The issues you mentioned don't really interact with these fields much (or at least, not as much as some other things).

Just because transhumanists hope and look forward to the great tech of tomorrow, in what way would that mean we would ignore the problems of today?

j-e-f-f-e-r-s:
Snip

I accept all this, but I still think (barring total social collapse or the end of humanity) the presence of an event recognizable as a technological singularity - no matter when it is - is a pretty reasonable assumption to make, and yes, it's become bound up in all this utopian bollocks, but when we look at what it actually is then it's really not far out there.

All that needs to happen is that at some point humans (not all humans, just some) need to find a way to improve on their own intelligence. It doesn't matter if that means merging with an AI, genetically engineering our children to have better cognitive functioning or even just developing some kind of implant which can interface with a human brain. At that point, the entire scope of human history theoretically curves beyond what we can currently see, not necessarily into some utopian scenario, but into the genuine unknown, potentially into a pretty dark place.

I think the idea is exciting, and maybe that makes me a transhumanist, but I think the approach of the singularity isn't going to bring everyone together in glorious unity. I expect massive social tension, huge inequality, horrible abuses of power and ultimately a lot of existential terror.

I also don't believe I'll live forever, and I don't see any point in people deluding themselves that they will. If anyone does, good for them, but I strongly suspect I won't be one of those people (and part of me is slightly glad of that, I can imagine some of the abuses of power possible with exponentially advancing intelligence, I'd rather not see any of the ones I can't).

We will not be immortal in 2040, nor will we have an "I Robot" situation. I take a more cynical approach on the the future. I think certain things are simply impossible according to the rules of the physical world, and therefore can not be done no matter how long our technology has to develop.

There will probably also be a point where we have researched nearly everything that can be known, and therefore our technological advancement will come to a near halt. We may even be closer to that point than many people think.

TLDR

I just came here for free hat.

When do I get to be immortal and ride around in a giant robot?

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